Changes in Arabic Societies During teh 20th Century

The early 20th century saw major changes in Arabic societies, which initiated a new cultural order that changed the lives of men and women alike. The sweeping changes associated with this period were catalyzed by a massive immigration from the countryside into the rapidly expanding urban centers of the region. There exist a variety of contributing factors to this migration: systems of land inheritance that fragmented land into smaller parcels (decreasing an already declining income per capita); the world-wide economic crisis of the 1930s that further crippled the income of farmers, and the disappearance of sustainable jobs. As a result, millions of rural dwelling peoples flocked to the cities where the prospect of employment was most probable. The population of cities such as Cairo grew at an even faster rate than that of the country itself, surging from 800,000 to 1,300,000 between 1917 and 1937 ( Hourani 335). This rapid increase led to a change in the layout of the cities, form ing a variety of different, class-dividing quarters. Furthermore, the inter-mingling of a variety of different cultures and nationalities in these major urban centers stimulated the formation of a new era of social norms, especially in Muslim societies. During this time of expansion, the general population became more literate, necessitating a large increase in the number of books issued and printed. Literature of all kinds was provided to a hungry audience, including textbooks, works of

Worldwide Telecommunication, Inc. Prepares for Cultural...

Worldwide Telecommunication, Inc. Prepares for Cultural Diversity Abstract Worldwide Telecommunication, Incorporated (Inc.) is a growing telecommunications company that has an international workforce which changes continuously. As the company’s international personnel base expands, the needs of the employees will vary and become more diverse. As new employees come aboard, the organization will see that not all workers have the same requirements or requests. Worldwide Telecommunication, Inc. must be able to fulfill the needs of staff at all levels regardless of any potential cultural barriers. Whether the employees’ needs are basic or complex, Worldwide Telecommunication, Inc. is positioning itself for the challenge. Worldwide†¦show more content†¦These core values include quality customer service, teamwork, employee respect, dignity, integrity, and innovation. Without everyone upholding the company’s core values, Worldwide Telecommunication, Inc. understands accomplishing the company objectives would be a mission impossible. Although Worldwide Telecommunication, Inc. currently enjoys a culture of effective communication, employee alliance, teamwork, and collaboration, the corporation has faced many challenges reaching this point. The old company’s atmosphere consisted of poor communication skills and inconsistent teamwork, which eventually led to low employee morale. The distasteful company culture was rooted in favoritism, prejudices, and preferential treatment for a selected group of employees. After enormous revenue and employee losses, the company sought to improve its habits, beliefs, attitudes, and expectations. â€Å"The workplace setting is fertile breeding ground for conflicts because of the dynamics and interdependency of the employee-to-employee, customer-to-employee, and employee-to-outside vendor relationships† (Rau-Foster, 2000). Recognizing and addressing the factors that give rise to the potential for conflict can have a positive impact on workplace and the productivity in the workplace. 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Business Communication Strategic Management

Question: Discuss about the Business Communication for Strategic Management. Answer: Introduction: Business communication is explained to be part of the strategic management approach that is used by the organization management while they manage the business entities. It is defined as the process where the company shares its information amongst the stakeholders within the enterprise, this sharing of information is purposefully for the commercial benefits of the company. The communication process, goals, and audience are the main aspects that define the essentiality of the communication in a business enterprise. During interview course, communication is the primary factor that facilitates the completion of a substantial interview. Communication is commonly used to receive information from interviewer and interviewee. After doing hours of research on the organization, preparing for an interview, making sure my resume is well detailed and precise this is the process of putting everything together and showing my work. Instantly when meeting the interviewer, I like, to begin with, an enthusiastic but relaxed smile and handshake, but not before, they do the same to me, and as well waiting for the instructor to play his role. While listening to the interviewer, it is my responsibility to ensure that I hear what is being said in order to reduce chances of losing the job. As a good listener, I would ask the interviewer to repeat the questions that are not clearly stated, this is to give a better understanding of the answer to give on the same questions. Active listening is important and necessary practice that can be used during a job interview, being attentive and focus during the course of an interview show that I am thirst for the job. Listening response will also define by ability during the course of the interview. There are some of the listening responses I would like to use in an interview some of them are silent. These listening responses can be expressed as being attentive and as well offering nonverbal feedback. Communication goals and objective during the job interview also stands as the pivot of getting a job, although they are allied but also separate. Communication goals are known to be long-term as well as more diversifying. On the other hand, I have to understand those objectives are more concrete, sharing of information, listening and building of confidence during an interview. My goal during the course of an interview is to respond truthfully to the interview questions. It will be my priority to ensure that I achieve the long-term and short-term goal that will essentially put me in a forward-moving entity. Communication process during an interview provides a framework where I can get to know the expectation from the interviewer. It is one of the crucial areas that will need my attention before and after the interview. Firstly, I need to be updated about the time the interview will take, this will help me in providing direct and relevant answers to the interview question and not beating around the bush. The interviewers should also ensure that they inform me about what they expect of me before and after the end of the interview session. Management involves doing work through others, in an organization managers tend to be dominating over the operations of the entities because of the position they hold in offices. In that case, a dominating or domineering boss is that top management individual in an organization who always likes to be in control. Dealing with the dominant personality in an organization is challenging, especially to inferior employees, some employees are tempted to quit their jobs out because of such personality in their areas of work. Therefore, business communication defines some of the skills, which are valuable to learn in order to work with such bosses. Dominating bosses are impatience, intolerance, tactlessness as well as the expecting unrealistic expectation from his subordinates. Working with domineering individuals obliges me to comprehensively play extra role. Primarily, I need to learn his expectation especially from me, this is to keep me focus on what he anticipates from me. Working to his level of interest, I would observe his personality positively and not negatively, this is by completing difficult tasks he is demanding, he will praise me and even reward me for the completion. Working on his demand allows me to overlook his faults and improve on them; this it will built a coherent relationship between ourselves. While speaking to him, I will be direct to the points and respectful. Since he will be expecting much from me, it is my role to anticipate and think ahead of him, I will not allow myself to ask what he needs from me, using open and honest communication will also be important. Business communication explains the impact of dominating bosses to employees as well as to the entire business entity. Communication planning is describe as the process of reaching out to the audience using the appropriate communication channels. Adapting to work environment is essential in planning how to communicate with my boss. I also need to avoid small talks as well as staying out of what it irritates his personality, this will give me a better approach to communicating with him. However, communication planning will as well be reflected by understanding his weakness and communicating the result and the achievement of the task assigned by him. Communication process comprise of the different component such as sender, decoding receiver, encoding and feedback, it defines the superiority between two individuals. The downward communication is characterized by receiving order from the boss and doing according to his will and in accordance to the company policies, while the upward communication basically the process of giving out the results and the achievements made to the boss. Bibliography Ayers K and B S to, 'Tips on how to survive a dominant boss' https://archive.boston.com/bostonworks/galleries/tips_survive_dominant_boss?pg=2 accessed 15 January 2017 Bibliography: Austin EW and Pinkleton BE, Strategic public relations management: Planning and managing effective communication campaigns (Routledge 2015) Bibliography: Thill JV, Bove CL, and Bovee CL, Excellence in business communication (10th edn, Pearson College Div 2012) Fielding M and du Plooy-Cilliers F, Effective business communication in Organisations: Preparing messages that communicate (4th edn, Juta Legal and Academic Publishers 2013) Guffey ME and Almonte R, Essentials of business communication (7th edn, Nelson Education 2012) 'Guidelines for special issues of the journal of business communication and business communication quarterly', (2010) 73(2) Business Communication Quarterly 237239 Lasater IK, Stiles J, and C J, Words that work in business: A practical guide to effective communication in the workplace (nonviolent communication guides) (Keep Coming Back/Puddle Dancer Pr 2010) The importance of being different [business communication]', (2007) 17(6) Engineering Management 3033

Entrepreneurship Innovation And Creativity-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Entrepreneurship Innovation And Creativity? Answer: Introducation This book The myths of Innovation relies on the fact in what way the big ideas change the world. We often believe that innovation is based on facts but apparently, it is not. This book has few myths in the process of innovation (Legrenzi, 2013). The first one is the myth of epiphany; this myth highlights the insight of a person to look into the matter of how creativity occurs despite of the fact on how little role they have in the breakthrough (Dawson Andriopoulos, 2014). Epiphany is an inspiration, which provides me with the insight that not a single idea is original; every idea is invented from a different idea. Epiphany is the consequence of efforts. I have read few stories about spark of insight the questions that arise in my mind area a) how long have the creator depleted on working before the flash happened? b) Are all the ideas they used in the flash theirs or they have reused someone elses idea? C) How long have they worked on making the flash successful? I have all these qu estions in my mind because epiphany does not prototypes by sacrificing time, only we can do it without any pledge of getting success. The second myth the book makes me familiar with is the myth of knowing history. We have a habit of romanticizing the past to live a worthy present. We often knead inspiring and proper lies as a trap to hide the complex truths of past. Thus, this way the history is tainted. History is not a straight line. It has few curves and nor the present is straight and has curves. From the above image it can be said that innovation is the condition of mind that a person has in different situation. The next myth the book tells us is the myth of method. This myth informs me to challenge with creativity. It is true that I can do every right thing but I will still fail. The methods we choose to do something may be useful but these methods provide the information that present is different from the past. The terms innovation system does not have any meaning because there are many variables in present that clearly states that innovation is an ancient term (Joshi, 2017). The other myths the book tells us about are that we love new ideas and want change in everything, the myth of inventor, the myth about the less presence of the good ideas and last but not the least that the best idea is always the winner (Berkun, 2010). Stimulating creativity in design. Davis Publications: This is the second book that I have chosen. Synectics is a Greek word that means assembling various things through a unified connection. This develops an innovative approach to designing principles. Synectics provides the idea of creativity in a logical way (Tutt Duncan, 2013). This book informs me about creativity and provides me the information that study of synectics is to research creativeness in vivo. This book tells me that we can be creative if we understand what creativity is actually and how it works. This book gave me the knowledge that creativity is acceptance of something, which is irrelevant. Emotion is always an intellectual feeling. If I am able to understand emotion and understand the irrelevant ideas, I will be successful in knowing what creativity is. Synectics thinking is a process of uniting the irrelevant elements. This book provides me with a synectics thinking of assembling the disconnected things, which are apart to produce an insight. I learnt from this book that creativity is coordination of few elements into a new form. After reading this book, I have to know that ideas do not come in our mind unless we identify the work. For initiating creativity in myself, I will need to gather information from other sources and merge it with what I have in my brain. I will need to carefully evaluate and research on every subject to bring creativity in my actions. If I want to be creative I will have to identify the subject then analyse the possible solutions, perform some research in it and then enhance my thinking and select the best option which can be implemented in the subject to transform my creativity in a broader way. I will also have to make contrast in between the elements that are related to my subject to make my thinking more creative. Creativity is all about enhancing my thoughts so that it can grab every facet of similar ideas and make me informed enough of all the ideas. For making me creative, all I need to do is relate to the subje ct and inject life in them along with broadening of my thoughts (Roukes, 1988). Ahandbookforvisionaries,game changersandchallengers This book is totally based on entrepreneurship and this book is consisting of business models that will be helpful to design the business. It informs me that while I am doing a business and I need t know the realities of business loss and have no idea on how to deal with the situation I will need the help of this book as it consists of every facet of business ideas that will help me to be a successful entrepreneur. This book provides me many ideas that I can use to implement innovation and design my business for a better future This image informs me about many concepts of business using many innovative models. This book provided me with the idea about how to understand and implement business model or learn to work on your old ideas with a new thinking. This book also has the idea that will help every businessperson to evaluate the demands of the customers of the business and distribute the exact channel needed for it. The book has highlighted the techniques used by many leading companies like Ericson and Deloitte and many others. Thus, this book is very useful for the businessperson who wants to embrace modern business techniques for creating more values of the business. Anyone who needs to change the existing rules of their business and adapt new rules to their business can take the help of this book as this book has the broadest list of business techniques, tools and ideas (Zhou, 2015). This book refers to all the clauses that are needed to be a successful entrepreneur. This book has provided me with all the ideas that are needed to be a successful entrepreneur (Osterwalder, Pigneur, Oli veira Ferreira, 2011). The value of creativity and innovation in entrepreneurship: This book taught me that no entrepreneurship could be successful without the help of modernisation in it. The writer of the book said that innovation leads to good entrepreneurship and innovation could only be possible with the help of creativity, as invention of innovative ideas will only be fulfilled with the help of creativity (Carayannis Dubina, 2016). Without expanding my thoughts, I will not be able to proceed towards a better future in my business. Creativity is either adapting something new or adapting the same thing in a new way. The result of creativity remains unknown until the creation is implemented in the business. Entrepreneurship depends on creativity, innovation and imagination which is also a part of creativity as the image is describing. Creativity is referred to the way of seeing things in a way no one else has and bring out the meaning of the same that no one else has. Business operates in a challenging and risky world and for being a successful entrepreneur; every business needs to use innovation and creativity as two sources, which will help the business (Drucker, 2014). Innovation is all about replacing the new with something old or adding something new. Innovation is the exploitation of new ideas or it is the exploitation of new ideas on the old strategies in a new way. Creativity is important for innovation and innovation is important for entrepreneurship (Kirzner, 2015). Thus, entrepreneurship also needs creativity. Innovation makes a business or entrepreneurship successful and it lets the business focus on creativity and innovation for a better future. Entrepreneurs of a business are known as the dreamers of business who proposes the idea of creating innovation in the business. The innovation lies on facts like challenge in the business, focus on customer choice, creativity, proper culture and many other points. Innovation can be change of methods, innovation in products and the innovation in management (Okpara, 2007). References: Berkun, S. (2010).The myths of innovation. " O'Reilly Media, Inc.". Carayannis, E. G., Dubina, I. N. (2016).Creativity, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship Across Cultures. Springer. Dawson, P., Andriopoulos, C. (2014).Managing change, creativity and innovation. Sage. Drucker, P. (2014).Innovation and entrepreneurship. Routledge. Joshi, M. (2017). Creativity and Innovation. Kirzner, I. M. (2015).Competition and entrepreneurship. University of Chicago press. Legrenzi, P. (2013). Creativity and innovation.Retrieved on May,6, 2013. Okpara, F. O. (2007). The value of creativity and innovation in entrepreneurship.Journal of Asia Entrepreneurship and Sustainability,3(2), 1. Osterwalder, A., Pigneur, Y., Oliveira, M. A. Y., Ferreira, J. J. P. (2011). Business Model Generation: A handbook for visionaries, game changers and challengers.African journal of business management,5(7), 22-30. Roukes, N. (1988).Design synectics: Stimulating creativity in design. Davis Publications. Tutt, K., Duncan, C. (2013). Creativity and innovation.Independence,38(1), 10. Zhou, J. (2015).The Oxford handbook of creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurship. Oxford University Press.

Confusianism Essays - Confucianism, Chinese Philosophy,

Confusianism A philosopher named Confucius founded Confucianism in China 2,500 years ago. Confucianism is a system of ethical behavior and social responsibility that became the great traditions of the East.1 It played an important role in the evolution in Chinese culture over the centuries. It has influenced near-by countries and had made a mark in the history of religion. There are today over six million people who call themselves Confucianists. Most Confucianists live in East Asia where Confucianism is thought to be born. For over two thousand years, Confucianism has been the dominant philosophical system of Chinese government, which has still a great hold on their people. Because Chinese culture has spread to the counties of Vietnam, Korea, and Japan, the values of Confucianism can be found there too. Confucius Confucius was born in 551 BC in the village of Zou in the country of Lu. During that time, the Zhou dynasty was in decline-this was controlled by King Zhou. As a child, Confucius would have make-believe rituals; as a young adult he quickly earned a reputation for politeness, fairness and had a love for learning. He traveled often and studied at the imperial capital, Zhou, where legend has it he spoke with Lao Zi, the leader of Daoism. When Confucius returned to Lu, he became a renowned teacher. At the age of 35, Confucius followed Duke Zhao into war. Duke Zhao was later captured and Confucius again followed. Zhao often went to Confucius for advice, but was later advised not to by one of his advisors. Eventually Zhao stopped going to him for advice and Confucius returned to Lu. When he returned, he saw that conditions have been unchanged so he retired from public life to concentrate on teaching and studying. At the age of 50, he was asked to lead a defense against a rebellion, but he declined. Although he did not lead in war, he later became City Magistrate. Throughout his governmental career, he was promoted several times. Later he became Grand Secretary of Justice and, at age 56, he became Chief Minister of Lu. Because of Confucius increasing power, many nearby countries became worried that Lu would over power them. They sent messengers with gifts and dancers to distract the Duke during a sacrifice holiday and the Duke later abounded his duties. When Confucius received word of this, he resigned and left the country. Confucius spent the next five years of his life wandering China with his disciples until he was able to send messenger to the sympathetic king of a nearby country, who sent his own band of soldiers to rescue them 2. At the age of 67, Confucius returned to Lu where he spent the rest of his years teaching until he died at 72. Teachings The teaching of Confucius still has a great effect on the culture of China today. His followers wrote down all of his teachings after his death and have been translated into many different languages so that the entire world may benefit from them. Below are some examples from the Analects, Book 4. ? Roger T. Ames: The Master said, The authoritative person (ren) alone has the wherewithal to properly discriminate the good person from the bad. ? E. Bruce Books: The Master said, It is only the rvn who can like others; who can hate others. Page 2 ? Lionel Giles: Only he who has the sprit of goodness within him is able either to love or to hate. ? David Hilton: The master said: Only the Human can love people, and only they can despise people. ? Chichung Huang: The master said: Only a humane man is capable of loving man and capable of loathing men. ? James Legge: The Master said: It is only the virtuous man, who can love, or who can hate, others. ? Simon Leys: The Master said: Only a good man can love people and can hate people. ? Lin Yutang: Confucius said, Only a true man knows how to love people and to hate people. ? A. Charles Muller: Confucius said; Only the jen person is able to really like others or to really dislike them. ? Ezra Pound (1): He said: Only the complete man can love others, or hate them. ? Xin Guanjie:

Waiting lists in the NHS clearly demonstrate that it is inefficient Essay Example

Waiting lists in the NHS clearly demonstrate that it is inefficient Essay Example Waiting lists in the NHS clearly demonstrate that it is inefficient Essay Waiting lists in the NHS clearly demonstrate that it is inefficient Essay and less health care will be demanded, OQ2. If this is the case across the market, the consequence of public health care is that there will be a smaller aggregate expenditure on health care as compared to a private health care system. In addition to these problems, there will also be an increase in demand. In the NHS there are no user charges, as explained earlier. The consumer of public health care will therefore consume up until the point where the marginal utility of health care is zero. This will result in the optimum resource demand being OQ3. This restriction in supply and expansion of demand leads Buchanan to suggest that waiting lists are endemic to the (NHS) system. Since most potential patients cannot afford private health provision, they have a simple decision, be treated (and wait) or not be treated. Therefore, assuming that society is rational, the prospective patient will wait until he tops the list to get treated. This implies that the Pareto efficient outcome in a single market does not exist here and that waiting lists do suggest that the NHS is inefficient. The marginal patient is not the patient that equates his marginal cost of waiting with the marginal benefit of treatment, but the patient that perceives any benefit whatsoever from the treatment that he will receive at the future date. This suggests that as long as the demand curve is unchanged, the potential consumer surplus from inpatient treatment is not dissipated by the wait for treatment.2 Another reason why long waiting lists are inefficient is that as the waiting time increases, resources are allocated away from treatment towards administrative costs. This implies that as waiting times increase the service displays decreasing returns to scale rendering the quality of service smaller. Ideally, the hospital should aim to allocate its budget to the point at which it is indifferent between further3 increasing admissions and marginal wait reduction. A significant reason why this problem persists is that often, hospital managers cite increasing waiting lists when negotiating the hospitals budget with the government. In such situations in the past, the government has displayed a positive willingness to pay in reaction to increasing waiting lists, and as a result hospitals havent given a great enough weight to reducing lists, but rather to increasing admissions. It might however be unfair to judge the NHSs level of efficiency on its waiting list levels. Firstly, it might be the case that where there are areas that show a high proportion of people that are privately insured, lobbying for shorter waiting lists would decrease and this could lead to a positive correlation between private insurance and waiting lists. But why might this be? One of the greatest problems with the NHS is that of Supplier Induced Demand (SID). In terms of health care this refers to the extent to which a doctor provides or recommends the provision of medical services that differs from what the patient would have chosen if they had the same information and knowledge available as the doctor. Would a patient, for example, have given up an afternoon in the workplace if they had known on referral that the specific treatment for a complicated disease was a plaster to the toe? This idea falls in line with the fact that many remuneration systems are designed so that the doctor receives a greater income when they give a greater amount of services to each patient. This is borne out by a study by Krasnik et al (1990) who found that after GPs in Copenhagen had their remuneration methods changed to a fee-for-service basis, their activity increased until they attained their target incomes at which stage activity fell, suggesting SID. Might it be the case that waiting lists merely reflect the greed of GPs and the perverse incentives offered to hospital managers, rather than the actual inefficiency of the NHS? For certain waiting patients, it is evident that inpatient treatment is needed now, or not at all. A wait of any duration will be of no help at all. In the current NHS, priority is given to these patients. In the UK, waiting lists tend to build up for delay able cases5 In respect of this, waiting lists may simply represent a stock of work for doctors, ensuring that their scarce and skilled resources are utilised in the correct instances. It is also argued by Cullis and Jones that a waiting list allows for a balance of cases of differing nature and complexity, facilitating the teaching function of many hospitals. Taking these two points into account it may be argued that waiting lists optimally use the scarce resources presented to them, implying that waiting lists might actually facilitate efficiency. There is no doubt that increasing waiting lists are more than likely to indicate a poor performance in terms of economic efficiency. Between 1997 and 2002, expenditure on public health grew in total by over 50%. At the same time, waiting lists only fell by 15%, suggesting that there is a large misallocation of resources throughout the NHS and an undesirable level of efficiency. That is if we are looking to waiting lists as the key indicator of NHS performance. The weighting given to this area of NHS performance seems unfair and misinformed. It is my opinion that a reasonable waiting list actually gives rise to an efficient allocation of resources in a system that cannot naturally do so through the price mechanism. Undoubtedly lists can become unhelpfully large. In these cases I would argue that reforms such as buyer contracts could be easily be implemented that would prevent lists from becoming too large through the perverse incentives provided by the government to use waiting lists as a bargaining tool.

Finance 426 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Finance 426 - Assignment Example However, the value of the dollar in the future could increase if expanded MCI output substitutes for telecom imports. 3. Korean Airline buys five Boeing 747s. As part of the deal, Boeing arranges a loan to KAL for the purchase amount from the U.S. Export-Import Bank. The loan is to be paid back over the next seven years with a two-year grace period. 4. In accordance with the following circumstances, say whether the value of the dollar will appreciate, depreciate or remain the same relative to the Yen by explaining each answer. Suppose the exchange rates are free to vary and that other factors are held constant. Answer: considering the above scenario the rate of wages is comparatively high in U.S from Japan whereas the level of productivity is also low compared with Japan which makes it less attractive for investment purposes. It is considered that a country with a weak economy will have a low value currency so dollar will